This article I found on a site called “Lotusland” It expresses Organic Gardening (or sustainable gardening) in very clear terms with Four Basic Principles. Thank you Lotusland!
 
 https://www.lotusland.org/greengarden/building-sustainable-gardens/

Over the last few years, it seems summers are getting hotter and fire season is extending for months longer.  Living in an urban environment is not always protection against a wildfire as Santa Rosa CA and Talent OR residents learned too well and so painfully. 
To design a landscape which is wildfire resistant – that is fire resistant is not fire proof because in the end everything burns — You must first, think like fire. So instead of beginning this article with a list of plants, you need to know more about how fire acts, the conditions that fuel it and strategies about how to manage it.
 
What is Firescaping?  This is a relatively new term born from the ashes of the wildfires we have experienced over the last few years. My own definition is designing, planting and maintaining a landscape to resist a wildfire, keeping in mind that everything will ultimately burn.
Why talk about creating fire defensible landscapes in an urban environment? The famous Eagle Creek Fire in the Columbia Gorge in Sept. of 2017 was a wildfire in the wilderness.  However, the Santa Rosa wildfire in California and the wildfire which burned the town of Talent Oregon to the ground were not fires in the wilderness.  They were wildfires in areas called the Wildland-Urban Interface.  
Residents of Santa Rosa, CA and Paradise CA and our own Overlook Neighborhood in Portland (Fire Aug. 2017) discovered even urban living environments can be at risk too. No matter if there’s a fire hydrant at the street.
 
In 2020 you may remember the Beechie Creek Fire which threatened Salem, Oregon, The Riverside Fire in Clackamas, Oregon, The Lionshead Fire in Jefferson County, Oregon and South Obenchain Fire which impacted Ashland, Talent and Phoenix, Oregon.  Those wildfires leveled 2800 structures. There were nearly a dozen fires in all.  State wide, 10 people died and 1,000,000 acres burned.  

​POSTED BY CELILO / NEWS

3. Void Used As Accent – Japanese use the term “ma” to describe a defined open space or void.  It is used as punctuation, as in a pause in a dance movement or moments of silence in music or the space in a painting intentionally left empty.  It is a place for the eye to rest in a garden in the midst of a jumble of plants, textures and color.  That is “ma”.
 
Traditional gardens use dry gardens to create a void which are Raked sand or gravel gardens.  These are open landscapes perhaps punctuated with boulders or dense plants.  Pools of water create “ma” Or “ma” can be created with a carpet of moss.  In a contemporary garden this could be a stone patio with plantings at the edge OR a large pond OR the ubiquitous American lawn.  
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POSTED BY CELILO / NEWS

POSTED BY CELILO / NEWS

POSTED BY CELILO / NEWS

POSTED BY CELILO / NEWSIt may seem ill-timed to think about designing a garden project this time of year but if you have a project that you want to tackle the next growing season NOW is the time to do your planning NOT in March or April when the sun comes out.
Why Fall and Winter?  The landscape trade has seasonal highs and lows – Take advantage of it!
Designers’ availability:  Fall and Winter tends to be the slow season for Designers.  They will typically have time available to work with you.  As Spring hits they get busy and may not be able to address your design needs for several months.
Get Bids when times are slow:  If you have a landscape design ready to go by January or February it is likely you will first in line to talk with Landscape Contractors.  And you will not only get bids back faster but you will you may very well get a less expensive bid in late winter or very early spring than in June when everyone in the landscape trade is swamped with work.
More Plant Material is available in the spring: Being ready with a finished design and contactor on board in the early spring means plant material will be more available and will be easier to find. This ultimately means there is less of a risk that substitutions will be necessary and you will get the design you want.
Allow Time to Design: 
Every design takes time but rarely do folks consider that in the scheme of things.  Whether you are doing the landscape planning or you hire a professional to design with you.
Expect to spend a minimum of 2 perhaps 3 months perhaps longer to produce a completed design start to finish – not including the installation.
Typical Design Steps if you are working with a professional designer:  

• Initial meeting on site
• Creating the Fee Proposal/ time for the client to review it and accept it.
• Scheduling the project into the designer’s work schedule (which may vary depending upon the current client load)
• Site Measuring, photographing the site, creating a base plan (+/- ½ a day)

ALL the steps just mentioned are BEFORE ANY DESIGN TAKES PLACE

• It will take time for a designer to Create a Preliminary Design
• Then you meet to discuss the Preliminary design – which would include both overall landscape layout and plant suggestions –sometimes that takes a couple of meetings
• Then there’s Revisions to the Preliminary Design — this might take 1-2 rounds of revisions and meetings
• Once the Prelim. Design is approved the Final Design documents are begun – depending upon the size and complexity of the project Documentation can take a 40 hrs or more of time on the designer’s end.
• A Final meeting with the designer to deliver and explain the documents.

THEN CONTRACTORS  ARE CONTACTED AND THE BIDDING BEGINS – The bidding process can take to 2-4 weeks.  
 THIS IS ALL BEFORE ANY DEMOLITION IS DONE OR ANY HOLE IS DUG.
 Show a set of completed documents:  Explain each piece.
Not all designers produce documents alike and the final product will vary in what it looks like but the information should be the same.

• General Notes
• Demo Plan (sometimes this not needed)
• Hardscape Plan (if the design is simple sometimes this can be combined with the Planting Plan)
• Plant Plan
• Plant List
• Lighting Plan
• Irrigation Plan or sometimes this is handled as a description.
• Conceptual structural Elevations of any structures (fences, gates, decks, trellises)
• Plant images for the client

My clients get:
4 hardcopies of the drawings –1 for their records, 3 to give to bidders.
1 color copy of plant images for their records
And Electronic copy of the plant images and if they request it a pdf of the drawings too.
>>Talk about Negotiating with one contractor early in the design process rather than bidding. Explain the difference


Bidding vs. Negotiating

• Bidding takes time —  Negotiating takes interviewing contractors for the best “fit”
• Bidding doesn’t always mean you get the lowest price & sometimes the lowest price is not the best price — Bringing a contractor in early develops a relationship and a team so they have your best interests in mind.
• Negotiating with a contractor means you and your designer can use their expertise during the design process (the best material for a rock wall// keeping the design in line with the budget)

If you use a landscape designer you should expect that professional to not only be available to answer questions from you and the contractor as the job is installed but ALSO be on site a minimum of once for a meeting with the contractor or project manager as the job begins.
I typically include 1-2 PERHAPS 3 site meetings during the installation in my proposals.  A meeting as the job begins// Another as the plants are installed and IF there is a lot of hardscape (patios, decks, paths) one more visit during that process too.
When you are doing your own design the process and steps are just about the same ESPECIALLY IF YOU PLANNING TO USE A LANDSCAPE CONTRACTOR. 

• Measure the site locating existing property lines, buildings, paths and driveways, and existing plants to remain. Use this information to create a site plan drawn to scale for yourself so you have a base to sketch over.
• Decide which functions you want in your garden.
  • A place to entertain?
  • A spot for the dog?
  • A play area for the kids?
  • A hot tub or fire pit?
  • A pea patch for veggies?
  • A place to meditate?

What is important to you?       Most urban properties are not large enough to incorporate everything we all dream of in our gardens soooo CHOOSE 3 FUNCTIONS AND PLAN FOR THOSE.

• Create some preliminary ideas and discuss them with your family.
• Once you have narrowed down your options and expectations, draw up a final plan and a list of the plants you want to use.
• Include images of elements you like such as the
  • style of fencing,
  • gates and arbors,
  • lighting ideas,
  • water features etc.

To share with a contractor.
 THE BIDDING PROCESS WILL BE ABOUT THE SAME AS IF YOU USED A DESIGNER but YOU WILL BE THE ONE ANSWERING QUESTIONS FROM THE BIDDERS.
Warnings and Caveats:
If you ask contractors to bid on your project the only way to get accurate numbers from each bidder is to have drawings so nothing is forgotten and each contractor has the same information.
If you use a contractor remember BIG changes in the middle of the job will cost you money.  So take time to think through your design.
If you are doing the installation yourself design drawings will keep you on track and focused.
If you are doing the installation yourself, carefully think through what needs to be installed first, second, third etc. so you will not take 3 steps forward only to realize you have to back up a step and undo what you have already done!
DO NOT BUY PLANTS BEFORE YOUR DESIGN IS FINALIZED.  You may be limiting your ultimate design and regret it later
A good primer on garden design is Understanding Garden Design (Timber Press) by Vanessa Gardner Nagel.  She takes you through the process step by step.     QUESTIONS???